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Fish play a pivotal role in aquatic ecosystems, serving as both predators and prey within complex food webs. Comprising over 34,000 species, they contribute significantly to biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Their evolutionary history dates back approximately 500 million years, with key adaptations, such as gills and fins, enabling survival in diverse habitats. Fish also facilitate nutrient cycling and energy flow; for instance, large predatory fish can influence the population dynamics of smaller species, thereby maintaining ecological balance. Furthermore, fish populations are indicators of environmental health, with declines often signaling ecosystem distress, underscoring their ecological and evolutionary importance.
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